athirappally enviornment

Human beings and animals were constructed by five elements(Panchabhuthas). Air, Water, Soil, Fire and Sky. The earth is the living space for all living organism. All living organism has their own right in nature if it is human being or animal or plants. But the man who has the intellectual capacity is killing the nature without considering its existence. His exploitation ruins the biodiversity and retards the equilibrium of environment.Our civilization originates on the banks of river. The primitive human being depends on river for their needs. His needs start from drinking water to energy production. Now in its peak he depends on river to produce energy. By doing so he passively killing the river and environmental stability

THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF DAMS

A. Impacts due to existence of dam and reservoir
1. Upstream change from river valley to reservoir.
2. Change in downstream morphology of river bed and banks, delta, estuary and coastline due to altered sediment load

3. Change in down stream water quality; temperature, nutrients, turbidity, dissolved gases, heavy metals and minerals.
4. Reduction of biodiversity due to the blocking of the movement of organism and because of change 123 above
This involve the physical, chemical, and geomorphologicConsequences of blocking a river and altering the natural distribution and timing of stream flow; changes in primary biological productivity of ecosystems including effects on riverine and riparian plant-life and on downstreamhabitat. Alterations to fauna (such as fish)caused by a first-order effect (such as blocking migration) or a second-order

effect (such as decrease in the availability of plankton).B Impacts Due To the Pattern of Dam Operation
1. 1. Change in downstream hydrology: (a)change in total flows;(b) change in seasonal timings of flows (c) short term fluctuation in flows; (d) change in extreme high and low flows
2. Change in downstream morphology caused by altered flow pattern
3. Change in downstream water quality caused by altered flow pattern
4. Reduction in riverine/reparian/floodplain habitat diversity, especially because of elimination of floods.

As every river is unique in terms of its flow patterns. The landscapes it flows through and species it supports, so the design and operating pattern of every dam is unique, as are the effects the dam has on the river and its associated ecosystem. Some of the environmental effects of dam may be realized for hundreds of of years after construction. A dam can thus be regarded as a huge, long term and largely irreversible environmental experiment without a control.The most significant consequences of this myriad of complex and interconnected environment disruption is that they tend to fragment the riverine ecosystem, isolating populations of species living up and downstream of the dam and cutting of migrations and other species movements. Because almost all dams reduce normal flooding, they also fragment ecosystem by isolating the river form its floodplain, turning what fish biologist term a floodplain river to into a reservoir river. The elimination of the benefit provided by natural flooding may be the single most ecologically damaging impact of the dam. This fragmentation of the river ecosystem has has undoubtedly resulted in a massive reduction in the number of species in the world watersheds.

ATHIRAPPALLY HYDROPROJECTThe union minister of environment and forest cleared The Kerala State Electricity Boards proposal to build a 163 MW dam on the Chalakudy River. It will affect 136.6 ha forest land, dry up the Athirappally waterfall. This dam will have 21 meters height and 311 meters long. There six small dams were constructed across the Chalakudy river. The length of the Chalakudy river is 144 kilometers. The Chalakudy river will experience heavy fluctuation of water flows. The dam will function for four to five hours in the evening. When power is not being generated the flow will be below 10 cubic meter per second . But for the four to five hours when power is generated the release can be as high as 130 cubic meter per second. This may result in overflowing

BIODIVERSITYThe national bureau of fish Genetic Resource in Lucknow in London has recommended as fish sanctuary. The Vazhachal stretch of the Chalakudy river has the highest fish density and diversity in the state. The project areaalso falls under the habitat of highly endangered Cochin Forest Cane Turtle . . The vazhachal forest division is the second most biodiversed area in the state.The Asian Nature Conservation Foundation has the recommended that the area should be declared a sanctuary or a national park. The international bird association declared it an important bird area. The wildlife Trust of India named it one of India’s best elephant conservation efforts. It is the nesting site of endangered Pied Hornbill. The of the four species of the Hornbill nesting sites fall within the submergence of area of dam

CONCLUSIONNature is an entity discrete from humanness and endangered by reckon less human actions and the endangered nature needs protection, which can be generated through eco friendly attitude